India’s urban sanitation ecosystem took a giant leap forward with the flagship program Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM). Over 9 crore toilets across rural and urban India have been constructed during this period, shifting our focus from accessibility of toilets to the entire sanitation value chain. From the initial step of construction of toilets, the next step is to focus on safe treatment of faecal sludge in order to safeguard public health and support communities to live with dignity. This will require a focus on the entire sanitation value chain including faecal sludge and septage management services.

Launched by the CEO of Niti Aayog, Mr. Amitabh Kant and Secretary of MoHUA, Mr. Durga Shankar Mishra Jointly developed with NITI Aayog, this report shares 27 case studies spotlighting the work of the NFSSM Alliance partners across the country, leading best practices and innovations to improve how faecal sludge is managed. This compendium is an effort to coordinate, develop, and share learnings to provide affordable and workable sanitation solutions at scale.